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     Elvis 1.4              VISUAL MODE COMMANDS                Page 2-1


E2.  VISUAL MODE COMMANDSF

        Most visual mode commands are one keystroke long.  The following 
     table  lists  the  operation  performed by each keystroke, and also
     denotes any options or arguments that it accepts.  Notes at the end 
     of the table describe the notation used in this table.  

        In addition to the keys listed  here,  your  keyboard's  "arrow"
     keys  will  be  interpretted  as  the  appropriate  cursor movement
     commands.  The same goes for <PgUp> and <PgDn>,  if  your  keyboard
     has them.    There  is a colon mode command (to be described later)
     which will allow you to define other keys, such as function keys.  

        A tip: visual command mode looks a lot like text input mode.  If 
     you forget which mode you're in, just hit the <Esc> key.  If  elvis
     beeps, then you're in visual command mode.  If elvis does not beep, 
     then  you  were  in  input mode, but by hitting <Esc> you will have
     switched to visual command mode.  So, one  way  or  another,  after
     <Esc> elvis will be ready for a command.  

-1command         description                                             type-0
        ^A      ---
        ^B      Move toward the top of the file by 1 screenful
        ^C      ---
count   ^D      scroll down <count> lines (default 1/2 screen)
count   ^E      scroll up <count> lines
        ^F      move toward the bottom of the file by 1 screenful
        ^G      show file status, and the current line #
count   ^H      move left, like h                                       MOVE
        ^I      ---
count   ^J      move down                                               MOVE
        ^K      ---
        ^L      redraw the screen
count   ^M      move to the front of the next line                      MOVE
count   ^N      move down                                               MOVE
        ^O      ---
count   ^P      move up                                                 MOVE
        ^Q      ---
        ^R      redraw the screen
        ^S      ---
        ^T      ---
count   ^U      scroll up <count> lines (default 1/2 screen)
        ^V      ---
        ^W      ---
        ^X      ---
count   ^Y      scroll down <count> lines
        ^Z      ---
        ESC     ---
        ^\      ---
        ^]      if the cursor is on a tag name, go to that tag
        ^^      switch to the previous file, like ":e #"
        ^_      ---
count   SPC     move right,like l                                       MOVE
         ! mv   run the selected lines thru an external filter program
         " key  select which cut buffer to use next
count    # +    increment a number                                      EDIT
         $      move to the rear of the current line                    MOVE
         %      move to the matching (){}[] character                   MOVE





     Elvis 1.4              VISUAL MODE COMMANDS                Page 2-2


count    &      repeat the previous ":s//" command here                 EDIT
         ' key  move to a marked line                                   MOVE
count    (      move backward <count> sentences                         MOVE
count    )      move forward <count> sentences                          MOVE
         *      go to the next error in the errlist
count    +      move to the front of the next line                      MOVE
count    ,      repeat the previous [fFtT] but in the other direction   MOVE
count    -      move to the front of the preceding line                 MOVE
count    .      repeat the previous "edit" command
         / text search forward for a given regular expression           MOVE
         0      if not part of count, move to 1st char of this line     MOVE
         1      part of count
         2      part of count
         3      part of count
         4      part of count
         5      part of count
         6      part of count
         7      part of count
         8      part of count
         9      part of count
         : text run single EX cmd
count    ;      repeat the previous [fFtT] cmd                          MOVE
         < mv   shift text left                                         EDIT
         =      ---
         > mv   shift text right                                        EDIT
         ? text search backward for a given regular expression          MOVE
         @ key  execute the contents of a cut-buffer as VI commands
count    A inp  append at end of the line                               EDIT
count    B      move back Word                                          MOVE
         C inp  change text from the cursor through the end of the line EDIT
         D      delete text from the cursor through the end of the line EDIT
count    E      move end of Word                                        MOVE
count    F key  move leftward to a given character                      MOVE
count    G      move to line #<count> (default is the bottom line)      MOVE
count    H      move to home row (the line at the top of the screen)
count    I inp  insert at the front of the line (after indents)         EDIT
count    J      join lines, to form one big line                        EDIT
         K      look up keyword
count    L      move to last row (the line at the bottom of the screen)
         M      move to middle row
         N      repeat previous search, but in the opposite direction   MOVE
count    O inp  open up a new line above the current line               EDIT
         P      paste text before the cursor
         Q      quit to EX mode
         R inp  overtype                                                EDIT
count    S inp  change lines, like <count>cc
count    T key  move leftward *almost* to a given character             MOVE
         U      Undo all recent changes to the current line
         V      ---
count    W      move forward <count> Words                              MOVE
count    X      delete the character(s) to the left of the cursor       EDIT
count    Y      yank text line(s) (copy them into a cut buffer)
         Z Z    save the file & exit
         [ [    move back 1 section                                     MOVE
         \      ---
         ] ]    move forward 1 section                                  MOVE
         ^      move to the front of the current line (after indent)    MOVE
         _      ---





     Elvis 1.4              VISUAL MODE COMMANDS                Page 2-3


         ` key  move to a marked character                              MOVE
count    a inp  insert text after the cursor                            EDIT
count    b      move back <count> words                                 MOVE
         c mv   change text                                             EDIT
         d mv   delete text                                             EDIT
count    e      move forward to the end of the current word             MOVE
count    f key  move rightward to a given character                     MOVE
         g      ---
count    h      move left                                               MOVE
count    i inp  insert text at the cursor                               EDIT
count    j      move down                                               MOVE
count    k      move up                                                 MOVE
count    l      move right                                              MOVE
         m key  mark a line or character
         n      repeat the previous search                              MOVE
count    o inp  open a new line below the current line                  EDIT
         p      paste text after the cursor
         q      ---
count    r key  replace <count> chars by a given character              EDIT
count    s inp  replace <count> chars with text from the user           EDIT
count    t key  move rightward *almost* to a given character            MOVE
         u      undo the previous edit command
         v      ---
count    w      move forward <count> words                              MOVE
count    x      delete the character that the cursor's on               EDIT
         y mv   yank text (copy it into a cut buffer)
         z key  scroll current line to the screen's +=top -=bottom .=middle
count    {      move back <count> paragraphs                            MOVE
count    |      move to column <count> (the leftmost column is 1)
count    }      move forward <count> paragraphs                         MOVE
count    ~      switch a character between uppercase & lowercase        EDIT
        DEL     ---
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

count   Many commands may be preceded by a count.  This is a sequence of digits
        representing a decimal number.  For most commands that use a count,
        the command is repeated <count> times.  The count is always optional,
        and usually defaults to 1.

key     Some commands require two keystrokes.  The first key always determines
        which command is to be executed.  The second key is used as a parameter
        to the command.

mv      Six commands (! < > c d y) operate on text between the cursor and some
        other position.  To specify that other position, you are expected to
        follow the command keystroke with a movement command.  Also, you may
        have the command operate on the whole line that the cursor is on by
        typing the command key a second time.

inp     Many commands allow the user to interactively enter text.

EDIT    These commands affect text, and may be repeated by the "." command.

MOVE    These commands move the cursor, and may be used to specify the extent
        of a member of the "mv" class of commands.








     Elvis 1.4              VISUAL MODE COMMANDS                Page 2-4


   E2.1  Input ModeF

        You  can't type text into your file directly from visual command
     mode.  Instead, you must first give a command which  will  put  you
     into input mode.  The commands to do this are A/C/I/O/R/S/a/i/o/s.  

        The  S/s/C/c  commands  temporarily  place a $ at the end of the
     text that they are going to change.  

        In input mode, all keystrokes are inserted into the text at  the
     cursor's position, except for the following: 

                ^A      insert a copy of the last input text
                ^D      delete one indent character
                ^H      (backspace) erase the character before the cursor
                ^L      redraw the screen
                ^M      (carriage return) insert a newline (^J, linefeed)
                ^P      insert the contents of the cut buffer
                ^R      redraw the screen, like ^L
                ^T      insert an indent character
                ^U      backspace to the beginning of the line
                ^V      insert the following keystroke, even if special
                ^W      backspace to the beginning of the current word
                ^Z^Z    write the file & exit elvis
                ^[      (ESCape) exit from input mode, back to command mode

        Also,  on  some  systems,  ^S  may  stop  output, ^Q may restart
     output, and ^C may interupt execution.    ^@  (the  NUL  character)
     cannot be inserted.  

        The  R  visual  command  puts  you  in overtype mode, which is a
     slightly different form of input mode.  In overtype mode, each time 
     you insert a character, one of the old characters is  deleted  from
     the file.  


   E2.2  Arrow keys in Input ModeF

        The  arrow  keys  can  be used to move the cursor in input mode.
     (This is an extension; the real Vi doesn't support  arrow  keys  in
     input  mode.)  The  <PgUp>,  <PgDn>, <Home>, and <End> keys work in
     input mode, too.  The <Delete> key deletes a  single  character  in
     input mode.  

        The  best  thing about allowing arrow keys to work in input mode
     is that as long as you're in input mode,  Elvis  seems  to  have  a
     fairly ordinary  user interface.  With most other text editors, you
     are always in either insert mode or replace mode, and you  can  use
     the arrow  keys at any time to move the cursor.  Now, Elvis can act
     like that, too.  In fact, with the new "inputmode" option  and  the
     "control-Z  control-Z" input command, you may never have to go into
     visual command mode for simple edit sessions.  











     Elvis 1.4              VISUAL MODE COMMANDS                Page 2-5


   E2.3  DigraphsF

        Elvis supports digraphs as a way to enter non-ASCII  characters.
     A   digraph   is  a  character  which  is  composed  of  two  other
     characters.  For example, an apostrophe and the letter i  could  be
     defined  as  a  digraph  which  is  to  be stored & displayed as an
     accented i.  

        There is no single standard for extended ASCII  character  sets.
     Elvis  can  be compiled to fill the digraph with values appropriate
     for either the IBM PC character set, or the LATIN-1  character  set
     used by  X windows, or neither.  (See the discussions of -DCS_IBMPC
     and -DCS_LATIN1 in the CFLAGS section of this manual.) You can view 
     or edit the digraph table via the ":digraph" colon command.  

        Digraphs wil  not  be  recognized  until  you've  entered  ":set
     digraph".  

        To  actually  use  a  digraph type the first character, then hit
     <Backspace>, and then type the second character.  Elvis  will  then
     substitute the non-ASCII character in their place.  


   E2.4  AbbreviationsF

        Elvis can   expand   abbreviations  for  you.    You  define  an
     abbreviation with the :abbr command, and then whenever you type  in
     the  abbreviated  form  while in input mode, elvis will immediately
     the long form.  COBOL programmers should find this useful.  :-) 

        Elvis  doesn't  perform  the  substitution  until  you  type   a
     non-alphanumeric character  to  mark  the  end of the word.  If you
     type a control-V before that non-alphanumeric character, then Elvis 
     will not perform the substitution.  


   E2.5  Auto-IndentF

        With  the  ":set  autoindent"  option  turned  on,  Elvis   will
     automatically  insert  leading  whitespace at the beginning of each
     new line that you type in.  The leading whitespace is  copied  from
     the preceding line.  

        To add  more leading whitespace, type control-T.  To remove some
     whitespace, type control-D.  

        Elvis' autoindent mode isn't 100%  compatible  with  vi's.    In
     Elvis, 0^D and ^^D don't work, ^U can wipeout all indentation,  and 
     sometimes  Elvis will use a different amount of indentation than vi
     would.
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