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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <TITLE></TITLE> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="OpenOffice 4.1.2 (Win32)"> <META NAME="AUTHOR" CONTENT="Georg Potthast"> <META NAME="CREATED" CONTENT="20170105;19172240"> <META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Georg Potthast"> <META NAME="CHANGED" CONTENT="20170326;17520059"> <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> <!-- @page { margin: 2cm } TD P { margin-bottom: 0cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } PRE.cjk { font-family: "NSimSun", monospace } H2 { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } H2.western { font-family: "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic } H2.cjk { font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic } H2.ctl { font-family: "Lucida Sans"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic } A:link { so-language: zxx } --> </STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY LANG="de-DE" DIR="LTR"> <P><BR><BR> </P> <TABLE WIDTH=742 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=4 CELLSPACING=0> <COL WIDTH=109> <COL WIDTH=617> <TR> <TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=734 VALIGN=TOP> <H2 CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal">ELKS commands and system utilities</H2> <P><BR> </P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ash </B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>a version of sh with features similar to those of the System V shell</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>banner</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print large banner to stdout</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western"><EM><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><B>basename</B></SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>strip directory and suffix from filenames </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>bc</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>is a language that supports arbitrary precision numbers with interactive execution of statements</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western"><EM><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><B>cal</B></SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>displays a calendar </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cat</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>concatenate files and write them to stdout</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western"><EM><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><B>chgrp</B></SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>change group ownership </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>chmod</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>change access mode for files</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>chown</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>change file owner and group </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cksum</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>computes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for each named file, or the standard input</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western"><EM><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><B>clock</B></SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>determine processor time</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western"><EM><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><B>cmp</B></SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>compare two files</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>cut</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>remove sections from each line of files</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>date</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print or set the system date and time</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>dd</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>device dump, convert and copy a file</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>diff</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>compare files line by line</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>dirname</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>strip non-directory suffix from file name</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>du</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>estimate file space usage</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>echo</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>display a line of text</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>env</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>run a program in a modified environment</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>exitemu</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>quit if running ELKS in DOSEMU</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>false</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>exit with a status code indicating failure</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>fgrep</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print lines matching a pattern</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>file</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>guess a file's type based on contents</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>find</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>find files meeting a given condition</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>getty</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>grep</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>search a file for lines containing a given pattern</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>head</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print the first few lines of a file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>init</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>Upstart process management daemon - responsible for starting all other processes</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>install</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>copy files and set attributes </FONT></FONT> </P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>kill</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>terminate a process </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>knl</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>program to configure the initial kernel settings</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ktcp</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>ELKS tcp/ip stack</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>l</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>a short version of „ls“</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ln</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>make links between files </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>login</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>log into the computer</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>logname</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print user's login name </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>lp</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>copy a file to the line printer</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ls</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>list the contents of a directory</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>man</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>display online manual pages</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>meminfo</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>display the memory usage on the system</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mesg</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>permit or deny messages</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mkdir</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>make a directory</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mkfifo</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>make a named pipe</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mknod</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>creates a file system node </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>more</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>file perusal filter for crt viewing </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mount</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>mount a file system</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>mv</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>move and rename files</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>passwd</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>change a login password</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>printenv</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print all or part of environment </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>proto</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>extract function declarations from C source code</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>ps</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>show current process status</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>pwd</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print working directory</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>pwdauth</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>check a shadow password</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>reboot</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>reboot system</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>remsync</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>remotely synchronize file trees</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>rm</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>remove files or directories </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>rmdir</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>remove a directory</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>sash</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: normal">stand-alone shell (</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT><EM><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: normal">sash</SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: normal">) is a Unix shell designed for use in recovering from certain types of </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif">system failures </FONT> </P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>sed</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>the stream editor – very old version</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>sh</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>sort</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>sort a file of ASCII lines</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>stty</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>set terminal parameters</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>sum</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>compute the checksum and block count of a file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>swapon</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>start swapping to file/device </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>sync</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>writes any data buffered in memory out to disk </FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>synctree</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>synchronize directory trees</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tail</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print the last few lines of a file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tee</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>divert stdin to one or several files</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>test</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>test conditions</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tget</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>get termcap values</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>touch</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>update a file's time of last modification</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>tr</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>translate character codes</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>true</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>exit with the value true - do nothing, successfully </FONT></FONT> </P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>umount</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>unmount a mounted file system</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>uniq</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>delete consecutive identical lines in a file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>vi</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>editor</FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>wc</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>word count - count characters, words, and lines in a file</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>which</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>examine $PATH to see which file will be executed</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>who</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print list of currently logged in users</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>whoami</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>print current user name</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>xargs</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>construct argument list(s) and execute </FONT></FONT> </P> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH=109> <PRE CLASS="western" STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3><B>yes</B></FONT></FONT></PRE> </TD> <TD WIDTH=617> <P STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT FACE="Arial, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=3>an endless stream of the same word</FONT></FONT></P> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H2 CLASS="western"><BR><BR> </H2> <P><BR><BR> </P> </BODY> </HTML>
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